Overcurrent Protection Device (OCPD’s) is critical to personal safety and protection from a number of hazardous conditions that can result from materials igniting due to improper overload protection or short-circuit protection. Overcurrent protection devices are meant to protect against the potentially dangerous effects of overcurrents, such as an overload current Read more
The impact of COVID-19 Has been significant in terms of demand loss and consecutive loss of revenue. The typical electricity demand loss due to COVID-19 has been estimated about 20% and the revenue loss has been estimated as 7.2% bye Recent report of Niti Aayog. The loss of demand is Read more
PV module: Turns light into electricity. A group of solar cells in a sealed unit. Grid-tied inverter: An inverter that reads the voltage of the grid and produces as much power and current as it can, regardless of loads. For example, a 5kW inverter can only put out 5kW. Grid-tied Read more
The off-Grid system relies heavily on better-abled storage systems. Battery: Stores energy by chemical reactions. Most stand-alone PV systems use lead-acid batteries. Flooded lead-acid battery: A battery that has a liquid electrolyte (fluid) and uses chemical reactions between lead and acid to store energy. Sealed valve regulated flooded lead-acid battery: Read more
There are are a few basic factors to consider when designing any kind of system. Energy requirements2. Peak Sun Hours3. Site Location Evaluation4. Battery bank5. No. of Solar Panels Off-grid systems are designed to work alone and are sized so that they work during the worst conditions of the year, Read more
There are a series of important questions that come to mind when talking about sizing a PV system. 1.What is your monthly electrical usage? Your utility bills will show you how many kilowatt-hours of electricity you use on a monthly basis. You can calculate the watt-hours of each appliance you Read more
Manufacturers quote the efficiency of a PV System at STC conditions, i.e. at 1000 W/m2, however, due to parasitic resistances the efficiency is not constant as the intensity of solar irradiance changes. This is referred to as Irradiance loss Irradiation losses seem to be rising from spaces in between two Read more
When PV is made and sold it is rated at STC (Standard Test Conditions) STC: 1000W/m2 (brightness of light about like noon), 25 ̊C (77 ̊F), 1.5AM (Atmosphere Mass spectrum of light) However, in the real world, PV modules operate under different conditions. The best energy production can be observed Read more
The nameplate on the individual PV modules shall carry the following minimum information: • Name and logo of the original manufacturer or supplier • Type designation and serial number • Maximum system voltage • Rated nominal power (Pmax) at STC (1000 W/m², 25°C cell temperature, and air mass [AM] 1.5 Read more
Module Mismatching When PV modules are connected in series, there is something known as “the Christmas light effect”. If one module has less current, then it eventually limits the amount of current to flow through the whole series-connected PV source circuit (string). Before there were bypass diodes in PV modules Read more