Five key considerations in AC cable sizing for your solar power plant

Solar power plants require AC cables to connect various components such as inverters, transformers, and switchgears. The selection of AC cables is crucial for the performance, safety, and efficiency of the entire system. Here are the five key considerations in the selection of AC cables for your solar power plant:

1. Cable Size and Voltage Rating The size and voltage rating of the cable should be carefully selected to handle the maximum power output of the solar power plant. HV cables are used to connect the inverter duty transformer (IDT) to the main control room (MCR), and the cable size for this connection is typically 33kV with a cross-sectional area of 185/300 sq. mm AL AR Conductor. The indoor panel to power transformer cable size is generally 630 sq. mm. The cable size should also consider the average losses at STC conditions as considered in the PVSyst report and fault current.
2. Insulation Material The insulation material of the cable plays an important role in maintaining the electrical characteristics of the cable over time. XLPE insulation is commonly used for HV cables due to its excellent electrical properties and resistance to aging. PVC insulation is typically used for low voltage cables. PVC insulated, copper, PVC inner and outer sheathed, and armored cables are suitable for the solar power plant environment. The selection of insulation material should comply with relevant standards like IS 7098, IS 3975, IS 5831, IS 8130, IS 1255, and IS 1554.
3. Impedance and Current Rating The cable impedance and current rating should be evaluated to ensure that the selected cable can carry the current required for the system’s rated capacity. The cable’s impedance must be in accordance with the IS code, and the current rating must be selected based on the current-carrying capacity of the cable, the temperature rating of the cable, and the expected operating conditions.
4. Environmental Conditions The selection of AC cables should also consider the environmental conditions of the solar power plant. Cables should be rated for UV radiation resistance, moisture resistance, and high-temperature performance. Armored cables can provide additional protection against mechanical damage, rodent bites, and other hazards.
5. Compliance with Standards The selection of AC cables should comply with relevant standards to ensure the quality, safety, and reliability of the system. Standards like IS 7098, IS 3975, IS 5831, IS 8130, IS 1255, and IS 1554 provide guidelines for the selection, installation, and testing of AC cables. Compliance with these standards is essential to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the solar power plant.

The selection of AC cables is a critical aspect of solar power plant design. By considering the cable size and voltage rating, insulation material, impedance and current rating, environmental conditions, and compliance with standards, solar power plant designers can ensure the efficient, safe, and reliable operation of the entire system.