The Impact of CO2 Levels and Ventilation Rates on Indoor Air Quality and Satisfaction in Office Spaces

Maintaining a healthy and productive work environment requires understanding the importance of CO2 levels and ventilation rates on indoor air quality (IAQ). Elevated CO2 concentrations in office spaces can negatively affect employee wellbeing, productivity, and satisfaction. This article discusses the role of CO2 as an indicator of human bio effluents, the relationship between CO2 levels and occupant satisfaction, and the importance of proper ventilation in maintaining a comfortable and productive workspace.

CO2 as an Indicator of Human Bio Effluents

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions serve as an indicator of human bio effluents in indoor spaces [28,29]. CO2 concentrations increase with the number of occupants and their activity levels. For instance, CO2 emissions are higher when people are present and engaged in sedentary activities, such as working in an office setting. CO emissions, on the other hand, are used as an indicator for smoking [31,32,33].

CO2 Levels, Ventilation Rates, and Occupant Satisfaction

Studies have shown that occupant dissatisfaction increases with higher CO2 concentrations above outdoor levels when sedentary occupants are the exclusive pollution sources [28,29]. Furthermore, occupant dissatisfaction is also affected by the ventilation rate per standard person (average sedentary office worker being thermally neutral) [29]. The required minimum ventilation rate according to the three air quality categories A, B, and C are 10 L/s.olf, 7 L/s.olf, and 4 L/s.olf, respectively.

Emissions from Building Materials and Electronics

In addition to human bio effluents, building materials, furnishings, and electronic equipment can also contribute to indoor air pollution. Studies have shown that non-smoking buildings have values ranging from 0.08 to 0.13 olf/m², which are in the range of low-polluting buildings [34]. Some studies have reported values as low as 0.02 olf/m² [35]. Electronic equipment, such as PCs, can also be a significant source of emissions [36].

Improving Indoor Air Quality through Ventilation Management

To maintain a healthy and productive work environment, it is essential to manage CO2 levels and ventilation rates:

1. Regularly monitor CO2 levels: Keeping track of CO2 concentrations can help identify potential issues with indoor air quality and address them proactively.
2. Implement proper ventilation: Ensure that the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are well-maintained and functioning correctly to promote adequate air exchange and filtration.
3. Adjust ventilation rates: Tailor the ventilation rates according to the specific air quality category (A, B, or C) to ensure optimal indoor air quality and occupant satisfaction.
4. Monitor occupancy levels: Manage occupancy levels to prevent overcrowding and reduce the buildup of CO2 and other pollutants in confined spaces.

Conclusion

Understanding the impact of CO2 levels and ventilation rates on indoor air quality and occupant satisfaction is crucial for creating a healthy and productive work environment. By regularly monitoring CO2 concentrations, implementing proper ventilation, and managing occupancy levels, businesses can promote employee wellbeing, enhance productivity, and maintain a comfortable workspace that fosters success.