The final phases of the PV lifecycle turn a design on paper into a power-generating asset. Phase 4: Installation involves the physical assembly: mounting structures, fixing modules, and routing high-voltage DC cables.
Before the switch is flipped, Commissioning Tests (IEC 62446) are mandatory. These include:
• Polarity Checks: Ensuring positive connects to positive.
• Insulation Resistance: Checking for cable cuts or leakage.
• Earthing Verification: Ensuring safety.
Once energized, the system enters Phase 5: Operation & Maintenance (O&M). Solar is not “install and forget.” It requires continuous monitoring via SCADA systems to track Performance Ratio (PR). Maintenance includes module cleaning cycles (dust can slash output!) and thermal imaging to detect hotspots. A well-maintained plant will operate safely and efficiently for decades, delivering the return on investment promised in the design phase.
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